• Mineral resource and reserve estimation is a critical process in mining since it defines the economic viability of a mining project. Properly estimating the size, grade, and distribution of a gold deposit influences investment decisions, project planning, and long-term profitability.
  
• The use of geostatistical methods and advanced interpolation techniques to generate a resource block model is central to this estimation process. However, the uncertainties that arise from these estimations can directly affect the projected dollar value of the deposit, potentially influencing both extraction and processing strategies.
• The integration of geostatistical methods such as Kriging into blockchain technology enhances transparency and traceability in mineral resource estimation using high-accuracy mineral block models which are then digitally tagged and stored within a blockchain registry. Each block within the resource block model can be assigned a unique cryptographic identifier, ensuring that its estimated grade, location, and associated uncertainties are immutably recorded.
  
• This approach enables MineralsTech.org to track mineral assets from resource estimation through extraction and processing, reducing discrepancies in reporting and mitigating financial risks (Nieto, 2025).

• The flowchart below represents the MineralsTech.org process of registering and encrypting mining operational transactions on the blockchain registry.
  
• In the ilustrated example below a single mineral block from the confirmed block-model at 99% estimation, is being transferred from its in-situ location at the pit to the mineral processing plant as an operational transaction.
  
• This transaction is registered as a new transactional block within the blockchain registry within a progressive added-value process. This method effectively traces the mineral flow along the mining production value chain.

• MineralsTech.org uses a propetary patent-pending solution, that combines NFT technology with blockchain encryption to enhance transparency in mining by providing a verifiable digital proof of ownership that can be traced without the need for physical asset transfer.

• MineralsTech.org uses blockchain technology to provide a new solution to the mining industry offereing a secure, transparent, and traceable way to handle transactions from mine to market. ​
  
• This new tracing approach can lead to improvements in quality assurance, operational efficiency, and compliance, guaranteeing improved economics throughout the value chain as described below.

• Below is an Illustration of the distinction between fungible and non-fungible assets. Bitcoin, carbon credits, and stocks are examples of fungible assets that are intangible in nature.
  
• A dollar bill is a tangible and fungible asset, as is gold in its raw metal form.
  
• Conversely, gold bars that are tagged with a serial number are tangible and non-fungible assets.
  
• Artwork and real estate are tangible but non-fungible assets.
  
• NFTs, such as encrypted digital art, are intangible and non-fungible, as each piece, like the digital kitty, is a unique digital asset that cannot be interchanged. (NARA, 2024).

• The application of non-fungible token (NFT) technology to authenticate the ownership of mineral reserves in-situ is a new connection between digitalization technology and mineral resource management with the potential to minimize or replace mining stages requiring immediate extraction, processing and beneficiation of the refined metal, thus minimizing CO2 equivalent emissions, and energy and water use as seen in the figure below.

• MineralsTech,org offers a new whole process to certify ore reserves using NFTs focusing on minimizing uncertainty.
  
• This involves thorough audits of exploration and sampling methods, along with peer reviews from independent experts. Implementing internationally recognized standards, such as those outlined by the JORC, SAMREC, NI43-101, and the SEC SK1300 codes, providing a transparent framework for reserve estimation.
  
• By ensuring that all data is meticulously documented and verifiable, the integrity of NFT based certification can be confirmed, providing a more secure basis for ownership rights as seen below.